Freeman, J., Avons, S. E., Meddis, R., Pearson, D. E., & IJsselsteijn, W. (2000). Using behavioral realism to estimate presence: A study of the utility of postural responses to motion stimuli. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 9(2), 149–164.
Added by: Mark Grimshaw-Aagaard 11/09/2018, 17:03
"in the normal waking state, we are continually aware of our place in the surrounding environment. Direct sensory information confirming our location is always available and is continually updated. Thus, under normal circumstances, one's current location is a universal feature of awareness, rather than a quality that varies continuously over time. The subjective evaluation of presence requires graded ratings of a sensation that is typically invariant, and observers' lack of experience of rating presence is one possible explanation of the difficulty in providing stable ratings [...] A second, related issue is that there are no verbal descriptors of degrees of presence, because to date there has been no need to communicate such feelings [...] A third concern is that asking subjects to rate presence involves a conflict between sensation and knowledge. Observers know that they are currently in the test situation, and can remember how they got there [...] this conflict between sensation and knowledge is inherent in the measurement of presence [...] A final issue [...] is that the notion of presence is inextricably bound up with attentional factors. The extent to which an observer feels par of an environment may depend not only on the quality and extent of sensory information, but on the interest evoked by the displayed scene."
Freeman, J., Avons, S. E., Pearson, D. E., & IJsselsteijn, W. A. (1999). Effects of sensory information and prior experience on direct subjective ratings of presence. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 8(1), 1–13.
Added by: Mark Grimshaw-Aagaard Last edited by: Mark Grimshaw-Aagaard 25/02/2018, 08:41
