Slater, M., & Usoh, M. (1993). Representations systems, perceptual position, and presence in immersive virtual environments. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 2(3), 221–223.
Added by: Mark Grimshaw-Aagaard 18/07/2018, 11:51
The authors define presence as "the (suspension of dis-) belief that they are in a world other than where their real bodies are located [...] IVEs may be considered as general purpose presence-transformaing machines."
Slater, M., Usoh, M., & Steed, A. (1994). Depth of presence in virtual environments. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 3(2), 130–144.
Added by: Mark Grimshaw-Aagaard Last edited by: Mark Grimshaw-Aagaard 03/05/2021, 13:28
"This paper is concerned with the concept and measurement of presence in virtual environments (VEs) (or "virtual reality")."
Explaining what an immersive virtual environment (IVE) is: "It is immersive since it immerses a representation of the person's body (the VB) in the computer-generated environment [...] Immersion can lead to presence."
High-quality, high-resolution information should be presented to the participant's sensory organs, in a manner that does not indicate the existence of the devices or displays. We include here Steuer's (1992) notion of vividness, "the ability of a technology to produce a sensorially rich mediated environment."
The environment that is being presented to the participant should be consistent across all displays.
The environment should be one with which the participant can interact, including objects and autonomous actors that spontaneously react to the subject.
The self-representation of the participant, that is the participant's "virtual body," should be similar in appearance to the participant's own body, respond correctly, and be seen to correlate with the movements of the participant.
The connection between participant's actions and effects should be simple enough for the participant to model over time.
Usoh, M., Catena, E., Arman, S., & Slater, M. (2000). Using presence questionnaires in reality. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 9(9), 497–503.
