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Sopory, P., & Dillard, J. P. (2002). The persuasive effects of metaphor: A meta-analysis. Human Communication Research, 28(3), 382–419.    
Added by: Mark Grimshaw-Aagaard 23/05/2005, 23:16
Metaphor:
"A is B"

where A is the target and B is the base.

There are a variety of theories presented here as to what a linguistic metaphor is.
Tusing, K. J., & Dillard, J. P. (2000). The sounds of dominance: Vocal precursors of perceived dominance during interpersonal influence. Human Communication Research, 26(1), 148–171.    
Added by: Mark Grimshaw-Aagaard 20/04/2005, 10:45
"...high mean amplitude, great amplitude variation, and a slow rate are dominant". Although no significant variation was found for female voice, "male sources with high mean F0 are dominant."  
Variations in pitch are "perceived as a pleasant vocal attribute" and "communicate friendliness, or affiliation."  
Reviewing past research, the authors re-iterate that loud, low-pitched sounds are associated with aggression and intimidation while softer, higher-pitched sounds indicate submissiveness and lack of hostility.
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