Barfield, W., & Weghorst, S. 1993, August 8–13. The sense of presence within virtual environments: A conceptual framework. Paper presented at Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Amsterdam.
Added by: Mark Grimshaw-Aagaard Last edited by: Mark Grimshaw-Aagaard 11/09/2018, 17:22
"Virtual presence is generally conceived of as a hypothetical subjective state of awareness and involvement in a non-present environment."
Proposes a number of factors influencing presence in VEs (virtual presence):
display fidelity
environmental stability
sensory bandwidth (phenomenal richness)
interactive fidelity
person variables
task variables
context variables
Proposes a number of psychphysiological means to assess presence.
Attempting to assess presence: "we might expect a performance decrement on concurrent tasks defined solely in the natural environment. And when natural and virtual frames of reference call for conflicting responses, the direction of resolution of the conflict may also serve as an indicator of the degree of presence within each. Furthermore, as the sense of presence increases, the attentional resoures allocated to the objects or tasks performed in the virtual environment should increase. Therefore, we postulate that as the sense of presence increases, the virtual environment participant will pay less attention to sensory input external to the virtual environment."
Shinn-Cunningham, B. 2001, August 5–10. Creating three dimensions in virtual auditory displays. Paper presented at International Cognitive Engineering, Intelligent Agents and Virtual Reality.
