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"...high-level cognitive processes (such as thought and language) use partial reactivations of states in sensory, motor, and affective systems to do their jobs [...] The brain captures modality-specific states during perception, action and interoception and then reinstates parts of the same states to represent knowledge when needed."
"Through the interconnections of the populations of neurons that were active during the original experience, a partial multimodal reenactment of the experience is produced. Critical for such an account, one reason that only parts of the original neural states are reactivated is that attention is selectively focused on the aspects of the experience that are the most salient and important for the individual. [...] Because emotions are salient and functional, this aspect of experience will certainly be preserved."
"...observational learning is supported by a reenactment of the emotional experience of the model in the observer."
"...shifting from processing in one modality to another involves temporal processing costs: Individuals take longer to judge the location of a visual stimulus after having just detected the location of an auditory one, for example, than if both stimuli arrive to the same modality."
Supporting theories of embodied cognition, "individuals simulate objects in the relevant modalities when they use them in thought and language."
There is a temporal cost to switching processing between the affective system and sensory modalities and there is evidence that "affective properties of concepts are simulated in the emotional system when the properties are the subject of active thought."
Three types of learning: conditioned (directly experienced); observational (vicarious experience); and instructed (described in language). Emotional processes supporting these types share important similarities lending support to theories of emotional model reenactment.
