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Sheridan, T. B. (1996). Further musings on the psychophysics of presence. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 5(2), 241–246. 
Added by: Mark Grimshaw-Aagaard (28/02/2018, 09:42)   
Resource type: Journal Article
Peer reviewed
DOI: 10.1162/pres.1996.5.2.241
ID no. (ISBN etc.): 1054-7460
BibTeX citation key: Sheridan1996
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Categories: General
Keywords: Immersion, Presence, Self-presence
Creators: Sheridan
Publisher: MIT Press (Cambridge, Massachusetts)
Collection: Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Views: 21/310
Abstract
"This is an extension of an earlier paper (Sheridan, 1992) that considered alternative meanings and significance of “presence,” the experience of “being there,” commonly called “telepresence” in the case of remote control or teleoperation, and called “virtual presence” in the case of computer-generated simulation. In both cases presence can include feedback to the human senses of vision, hearing, and haptics, both kinesthetic and cutaneous. Presence is discussed here in terms of alternative subjective meanings, operational measurements, and meaningful experimental comparisons. Three practical approaches to measurement of presence are compared, including elicitation of “natural” neuromuscular or vocal responses, single or multidimensional subjective scaling, and ability to discriminate the real and immediate environment from that which is recorded/transmitted or synthesized. A new proposal, fitting into the third category, is to measure presence according to the amount of noise required to degrade the real and virtual stimulation until the perceived environments are indiscriminable. The author also opines on the stimulus magnitude, space, and time attributes of human interactions with a tele- or virtual environment."
  
Notes
More on how to measure presence – this time, the suggestion is to degrade virtual stimuli and real stimuli until the respective environments are indistinguishable. The amount noise introduced up to this point is a measure of the presence in the virtual environment (more noise = less presence).
Added by: Mark Grimshaw-Aagaard  Last edited by: Mark Grimshaw-Aagaard
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